A retrospective analysis of patients in real-world settings who received Rebyota for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) found the treatment was safe and highly effective, researchers reported last week in Open Forum Infectious Diseases.

Rebyota is a fecal microbiota-based live (FMBL) therapeutic that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of rCDI in December 2022, based on data from five prospective clinical trials. For the study, researchers retrospectively identified patients at five sites who had been deemed ineligible for trials because of comorbidities but were offered the drug through an FDA program that expands access to investigative drugs in settings that mimic real-world practice. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of FMBL through 6 months after treatment, and secondary objectives included evaluating efficacy after 8 weeks and sustained response after 6 months.

A total of 94 patients (mean age 59.8 years, 44.7% aged 65 years and older, 72.3% female) received treatment with FMBL from November 2015 through September 2019, with 64 in the primary safety set (PSS). Of the patients in the PSS, 70.3% had gastrointestinal and non-specific inflammation and dysfunctional conditions, and 65.6% had immune-mediated/autoimmune disorders. The vast majority (92%) of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild to moderate in severity and comparable between comorbidity subgroups and the overall population.

In the PSS, 82.8% of Rebyota-treated patients responded at 8 weeks, of whom 88.7% had sustained response at 6 months. The rates of sustained clinical response were similar in patients who received one (90%) or two (87.9%) doses.

"Overall, this retrospective analysis is representative of real-world diagnostics and a patient population typically encountered in everyday practice," the study authors wrote. "The findings reinforce the potential efficacy and safety of FMBL in real-world populations with common rCDI comorbidities representative of clinical practice."

A pharmacist-led, post-discharge follow-up program for negative bacterial cultures at a community hospital showed the potential for significantly limiting unnecessary antibiotic exposure, researchers reported last week in the American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy.

The retrospective study, conducted by members of the pharmacy department at a 350-bed community hospital in Michigan that has had an established pharmacist-led culture follow-up program since 2015, reviewed bacterial cultures of adult patients treated and released from the hospital's emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) in August 2022. The aim was to characterize the proportion of patients with negative urine culture or chlamydia polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) test results and identify opportunities to de-prescribe antibiotics during follow-up telephone calls. While several studies have evaluated the impact of pharmacist-led follow up on antibiotic therapy with respect to positive cultures, there are no data regarding the impact when cultures are negative.

Of the 398 cultures reviewed, 208 (52%) had negative results, and 50 patients (24%) with negative results were prescribed empiric antibiotics on discharge. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 7 days, while the median time to culture finalization was 2 days, resulting in an opportunity to save a median of 5 days of antibiotic exposure per patient and 236 total antibiotic days over the month.

Thirty-two patients (15.3%) followed up with their primary care physician within 7 days; of these patients, 1 (0.05%) had their antibiotic prescription discontinued by the primary care physician. There were no documented adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Annualized, the intervention has the potential to save more than 2,800 days of unnecessary antibiotic therapy, the study authors noted.

"These findings represent a significant antimicrobial stewardship opportunity for pharmacists providing follow-up after ED and UC discharge to discontinue antimicrobial therapy, limiting unnecessary antimicrobial exposure, decreasing risk for development of resistance, and avoiding ADRs [adverse drug reactions]," they concluded.

Equatorial Guinea's health ministry on Mar 31 reported 1 more Marburg virus case, raising the outbreak total to 14.

In an update today, the ministry today said 10 people are hospitalized, including 2 of the confirmed patients and 8 who have suspected infections. Officials also reported one more death raising the total in the confirmed cases to 10.

Earlier in the outbreak, which began in January, the country reported 20 probable cases, all fatal. Currently, 604 people are under contact monitoring.

The cases have been reported across four districts, raising concerns about widespread activity. Eight of the cases have been reported from Bata, a port city with a population of about 173,000.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued a level 2 travel alert for Equatorial Guinea due to its Marburg virus, the country's first. The CDC urged people to avoid nonessential travel to affected provinces. The CDC has also issued a level 1 travel watch notice for Tanzania, another African country battling its first Marburg virus outbreak.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said last week that a multistate Listeria outbreak that began in 2021 is now over after 16 cases and 1 death.

The CDC said in an investigation notice that the outbreak was tied to meat and cheese from deli counters, including a deli in Brooklyn, New York, where five case patients bought sliced deli meat and cheese. Whole genome sequencing showed that bacteria from patient samples were closely related genetically, indicating that people got sick from the same food source, and identified the outbreak strain in sliced meat and environmental samples from the Brooklyn deli. But no single food source was identified.

Deli meats and deli-sliced cheeses are known sources of Listeria, which can spread easily to hands, deli slicers, and other food preparation surfaces and survive and grow in refrigerators.

Case patients were from New York (7), Maryland (3), Massachusetts (2), Illinois (2), Delaware (1), California (1), with samples collected from April 17, 2021, to September 29, 2022. The CDC said the true number of cases is likely higher.

Sick people ranged in age from 38 to 92 years, with a median age of 74. Of the 14 patients with healthcare information, 13 were hospitalized. One person got sick during pregnancy, resulting in pregnancy loss.

Listeriosis can cause a variety of symptoms, such as fever and diarrhea, similar to other foodborne pathogens. It can be especially serious and even deadly in pregnant women, seniors, and those with weakened immune systems. Symptoms typically start within 2 weeks after eating food contaminated with Listeria.

The CDC said that even when there are no outbreaks, people who are pregnant, aged 65 and older, or have a weakened immune system should reheat deli meat and deli-sliced cheeses to an internal temperature of 165°F