A new study from researchers at the University of Pittsburgh shows adults who suffered childhood abuse or neglect were more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19 or die from the virus in adulthood. The study was published last week in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.
The study was based on information gleaned from the UK Biobank, which included health information on 151,200 adults of middle age or older who completed the Childhood Trauma Screen prior to the pandemic (January 2020) and were still active in the UK Biobank when hospitalization and mortality data were most recently updated in November 2021.
People who said they had suffered "adversity" in childhood had a significant increased risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes, including an odds ratio (OR) of 1.23 for COVID hospitalization (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.31) and an OR of 1.25 of a COVID-19–related death (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.42).
Adversity may be linked to inflammation
"While this investigation was unable to speak to potential mechanisms, it is likely that higher levels of inflammation, as well as alterations in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, related to childhood adversity are connected to the increased mortality and hospitalization observed here,” the authors wrote, noting that childhood adversity has been previously linked to increased rates of cancer, alcoholism, and heart disease.
It is likely that higher levels of inflammation, as well as alterations in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, related to childhood adversity are connected to the increased mortality and hospitalization observed here.
"These findings highlight how trauma early in life can have long-lasting impacts on health decades later," said Jamie L. Hanson, PhD, lead study author said in a University of Pittsburgh press release. "We know that COVID-19 is related to excessive hospitalization and death in the UK and in the United States. And there’s emerging research finding that facing adversity, abuse or neglect, early in life, could have sizeable effects on physical health."