The latest polio cases include 3 WPV1 infections in Pakistan, 1 of 2 remaining endemic countries.
Though mosquitoes are known to carry Zika in Maharashtra state, the 2024 spike in cases was unusual.
The risk of death was highest at the age of 2 years for all causes of death for children with congenital Zika syndrome.
In children both with and without CZS in the exposed group, worse outcomes were seen if exposure occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy.
2-year-olds showed an altered immune response to childhood vaccines in T-cell expression.
Cross-reactivity among orthoflaviviruses should be considered when testing vaccines against the diseases they cause, the researchers say.
Vector-borne illnesses have doubled over the past two decades, as the number of pathogens grows and affected areas expand.
Because Zika often does not require medical care, many reinfections may have gone unnoticed, the study authors say.
Dengue in the Americas is outpacing 2022 activity by 12%, and chikungunya is also on the rise.
Those exposed to the virus while in the womb but never diagnosed with Zika-related birth defects or congenital Zika syndrome may still display differences in cognitive development.
