Michigan reports fair-linked H3N2v case
Michigan health officials today reported a variant H3N2 (H3N2v) flu infection in a child who exhibited swine at the Berrien County Youth Fair, which took place Aug 12 through Aug 17 in Berrien Springs, Mich., in the southwest corner of the state.
The case raises the nation's number of H3N2v cases this year to 17. Though Michigan had a few H3N2v cases last summer, the child's illness is its first this year.
The child was not hospitalized, according to a news release from the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH). Samples from a sick pig from the fair tested positive for the virus at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames, Iowa.
Michigan health officials said the virus poses no food safety concern, but as a precaution they have reached out to meat processing plants that received pigs from the fair so that they can protect their employees from getting sick. The MDCH said it contacted managers of eight other fairs to alert them about the H3N2v detection and to remind them to use proper safety measures to prevent the spread of the virus.
Rick Johansen, MD, medical director for the Berrien County Health Department, said in the statement that because of the short incubation period, it's unlikely that there will be new cases from direct exposure at the fair. Officials will be on the lookout for secondary cases, though so far human-to-human H3N2v cases have been rare.
Aug 29 MDCH news release
The World Health Organization (WHO) said today in its monthly update on influenza at the human-animal interface that so far this year all US H3N2v case-patients had close contact with swine the week before they got sick, and no ongoing human-to-human transmission has been reported.
It said three candidate vaccine viruses for H3N2v have been developed and could be used to produce a vaccine, if needed. More human cases and small clusters are expected, the agency said, because the virus is circulating in US swine and the fair season is still under way. The WHO added that it's important to continue to monitor illnesses and the virus for any changes.
Aug 29 WHO update
Complications common in kids hospitalized for flu, study says
More than a quarter of children hospitalized with influenza develop pneumonia, and 2% have positive bacterial cultures, a large, multistate study in the Journal of Infectious Diseases yesterday concluded.
Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and several states found that, of 6,769 kids hospitalized with flu in 10 states from 2003 through 2010, 28% had pneumonia, 22% asthma exacerbations, and 21% dehydration.
Other, more serious complications such as lung abscess/empyema, encephalopathy, sepsis, and acute renal failure were rare—occurring in under 2% of kids—but were associated with a median hospital stay of more than 6 days. Also, 48% to 70% of children with those severe complications required intensive care.
Positive bacterial cultures were confirmed in 107 (2%) of the children, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae the most common.
The authors conclude, "Complications add substantially to the burden of hospitalized children with influenza through intensive care requirements and prolonged hospitalization, highlighting the importance of primary prevention with influenza vaccination."
Aug 28 J Infect Dis abstract
H7N7 strikes fourth Italian poultry farm
Italian livestock officials yesterday reported a fourth highly pathogenic H7N7 outbreak at a commercial poultry farm in the Emilia-Romagna region. The outbreak was detected at a layer farm in Mordano in Bologna province, the same city hit by an H7N7 outbreak about a week ago, according a report from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
The report said the site of the most recent event was already under restrictions due to its proximity to earlier outbreaks. Lab tests on the birds on Aug 23 were negative, but the flock was tested again after birds started dying on Aug 26. Real-time polymerase chain reaction tests at the National Reference Laboratory in Padova confirmed the H7 finding.
The outbreak sickened 27,000 of 121,705 susceptible birds and killed 364 of them. The remaining birds will be culled to curb the spread of the virus.
Highly pathogenic H7N7 sporadically crops up in European wild birds and poultry. In 2003 the virus caused an outbreak in humans in the Netherlands that resulted in mild infections in at least 89 people and one death in a veterinarian.
Aug 28 OIE report