The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) reported two more highly pathogenic avian flu outbreaks in Minnesota, both involving commercial turkey farms in Stearns County, located in the central part of the state.

One facility houses 32,400 turkeys, and the other farm has 43,300 birds. Three other outbreaks were recently reported at turkey farms in the same county. Sporadic outbreaks in poultry flocks continue in the United States, including in Iowa, which reported two recent outbreaks at commercial farms.

More detections in wild birds, mammals

In separate updates, APHIS reported 22 more H5N1 detections in wild birds, several of which were agency-harvested birds in New Mexico's Roosevelt County, which included positive findings in house sparrows, two doves, a tanager, and a grackle. Detections from other states mainly involved raptors found dead, including bald eagles in Maryland, North Carolina, Minnesota, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.

APHIS also reported 13 more H5N1 detections in mammals, which mostly involved house mice from New Mexico's Roosevelt County. The new reports included a red fox from New Mexico and a domestic cat from Michigan's Clinton County.

Low-level mpox transmission continues across the world, though reported cases continue to decline, underestimating of the true burden of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) said in its latest situation report, which covers illness reported in April.

The WHO received reports of 528 new cases in April, down 21.1% from March. Regions reporting the most cases were the Americas, followed by Africa and Europe. Most of Africa's cases were reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which is experiencing an ongoing outbreak due to a novel clade 1 virus.

Overall risk is moderate in countries and neighboring countries where mpox has historically circulated and is also moderate for people in the highest-risk groups, including men who have sex with men and sex workers, the WHO said. However, the risk is high for the general population in the DRC.

Despite no evidence that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism, a quarter of US adults still think it does, and the false belief is fueling rising measles cases amid falling vaccination rates, finds a survey by the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC).

"The persistent false belief that the MMR vaccine causes autism continues to be problematic, especially in light of the recent increase in measles cases," APPC Director Kathleen Hall Jamieson, PhD, said in a center press release. "Our studies on vaccination consistently show that the belief that the MMR vaccine causes autism is associated not simply with reluctance to take the measles vaccine but with vaccine hesitancy in general."

In April 2024, APPC scientists surveyed more than 1,500 adults about measles transmission, symptoms, and vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.

1 in 10 knew vaccine not recommended in pregnancy

In total, 24% of adults said that they don't believe the MMR vaccine doesn't cause autism, and another 3% weren't sure. 

Nearly 6 in 10 participants understood that measles spreads through coughing, sneezing, and touching their face after contact with contaminated surfaces, while more than 1 in 5 (22%) incorrectly said it can be sexually contracted. Only 12% of respondents correctly indicated that an infected person can spread the measles virus for 4 days before a rash appears—12% thought it was 1 week, and 55% weren't sure. 

Only 1 in 10 knew that pregnant women shouldn't receive the measles vaccine because it contains a weakened live form of the virus and therefore may pose a risk to the fetus. 

Fewer than 4 in 10 panelists correctly indicated that measles is a risk factor for premature birth and low birth weight, and only 1 in 10 knew that pregnant women shouldn't receive the measles vaccine because it contains a weakened live form of the virus and therefore may pose a risk to the fetus. 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends two doses of MMR vaccine for children, with the first dose at 12 to 15 months and the second dose at ages 4 to 6 years. It should also be given to women a month or more before they plan to become pregnant, if they weren't vaccinated as a child.

Japanese drugmaker Shionogi yesterday announced plans to expand its infectious disease and antibiotic research and development (R&D) operations in the United States.

During a panel discussion at the BIO International Convention, Shionogi officials said they plan to establish the company's first US discovery laboratory. The lab will expand the existing R&D facility for San Diego–based Qpex Biopharma, which was acquired by Shionogi in 2023 and has an existing contract with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority to develop the investigational beta-lactamase inhibitor xeruborbactam.

"We need to address known health threats, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as well as prepare for rapidly emerging threats that could lead to future pandemics," Qpex President and CEO Michael Dudley, PharmD, said in a Shionogi press release. "This is a landmark opportunity to build upon the excellent track record of our organizations in discovering innovative antimicrobial drugs and bringing them to patients."

Shionogi officials say the company's expanded presence in the United States will advance its partnership network with antibiotic researchers in the public and private sector. Shionogi is one of the few large pharmaceutical companies that remains active in antibiotic R&D.

"In the race between antibiotic drug development and increasing resistance, the pathogens are winning," said John Keller, PhD, senior executive officer and senior vice president of the R&D supervisory unit at Shionogi. "If new antibiotics are not discovered and developed, we cannot overcome this public health crisis and are at risk of jeopardizing global health security."