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Two years after COVID-19 infection, 62.0% of a South Korean cohort still had symptoms such as fatigue, memory loss, and depression, finds a study published today in Scientific Reports.
Kyungpook National University researchers evaluated 121 adults infected with wild-type SARS-Cov-2 in February and March 2020 for symptoms and the role of vaccination after infection as a mitigating factor. The patients visited a hospital 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after infection to report symptoms, quality of life, and mental health.
The median age was 52 years, 59.5% were women, 83.4% had mild to moderate infections, and 93.4% were vaccinated post-infection. No patients needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or emergency dialysis during hospitalization, and none were readmitted.
Fatigue, cognitive issues, insomnia most common
Six months after infection, 58.7% of patients had at least one long-COVID symptom. At 1 and 2 years, 51.2% and 62.0% reported one or more symptoms, respectively. The most common symptoms at 2 years were fatigue (25.6%), memory loss (23.1%), trouble concentrating, and insomnia (19.0%). Other symptoms included hair loss (12.4%), dizziness (9.9%), tingling or numbness (9.9%), and impaired smell (6.6%) and taste (1.7%).
Cough, fever, sputum production, and impaired smell and taste got better over time, but a greater proportion of patients reported memory loss and trouble concentrating over time. Rates of joint pain, hair loss, and tingling or numbness held steady over the study period.
More effective interventions will be necessary to reduce the burden of long COVID, particularly that arising from neurodegenerative and neuropsychological diseases.
Vaccination frequency and number of doses received didn't change the frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms. "However, due to our small number of unvaccinated patients, a study with a higher proportion of unvaccinated patients will be required to determine the effectiveness of vaccination on long COVID," the study authors wrote.
While quality of life improved over time, 32.2% of participants still reported anxiety and/or depression at 2 years. "More effective interventions will be necessary to reduce the burden of long COVID, particularly that arising from neurodegenerative and neuropsychological diseases," they added.