European nations report low mid-season flu vaccine effectiveness
This season's flu vaccine was from 25% to 52% effective against influenza in Europe, according to interim results published today in Eurosurveillance, based on data from five surveillance systems from groups that looked at mid-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) across Europe.
Studies were conducted at primary care clinics in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Denmark, and in Croatia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden. The Danish study also included VE among hospitalized patients, as did a hospital-based study conducted in France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
The UK study showed that the live attenuated influenza vaccine was 53% effective in children, outperforming the injected vaccine, which had a VE of 18%. VE against any hospitalized influenza in patients aged 65 years and older was 35% in France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Among targeted groups in Spain, the VE was 40%.
VE was strongest against influenza A H1N1, ranging from 55% to 63% for those under 65, and 37% for those over 65 (Denmark). The vaccine was not protective against H3N2. Among all ages, VE against H3N2 ranged from −42% (95% confidence interval [CI], −116% to 7%) in Denmark to 7% (95% CI, −74% to 51%) in Spain, with all findings not statistically significant.
Among all ages, VE against influenza B ranged between 36% (95% CI, 27% to 44%) in the Danish study and 54% (95% CI, 24% to 72%) in the UK study.
"VE was moderate to good against influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 among all ages (55 to 68%), poor against influenza A(H3N2) with all point estimates below 8% for all ages, and moderate against influenza B, with point estimates between 39 and 52% for all ages, " the authors concluded.
Mar 1 Eurosurveill study
Novavax reports promising findings for recombinant adjuvanted flu vaccine
Novavax, a pharmaceutical company based in Gaitherburg, Md., yesterday announced that a phase 1/2 trial of its nanoparticle recombinant adjuvanted flu vaccine (NanoFlu) showed improved immune response in people age 60 and older when compared to an egg-based high-dose flu vaccine.
The study tested two NanoFlu trivalent formulations and was tested against the egg-based high dose vaccine in healthy adults age 60 and older, according to a statement from the company. Researchers measured immunogenicity by looking at hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization antibody responses against a panel of vaccine-homologous, historical, and forward-drifted flu viruses.
Initial findings suggest the vaccine, which contains a proprietary Matrix-M adjuvant, showed significantly higher HAI antibody response against H1N1 and H3N2 seasonal flu viruses and had comparable response to the influenza B Brisbane strain, when compared to the egg-based counterpart. Also, researchers found higher HAI response against historic and forward-drifted H3N2 strains and strong neutralizing antibody responses that correlated with HAI results against H3N2 strains.
In a statement, the company said it will submit more detailed results to a peer-reviewed medical journal. Nanovax added that it expects a phase 2 trial of the vaccine to launch in the third quarter of 2018.
Feb 28 Novavax statement
Avian flu outbreaks hit Saudi Arabia, South Africa, India, Netherlands
In the latest highly pathogenic avian flu outbreak developments, Saudi Arabia and South Africa reported more H5N8 outbreaks, India detected H5N1 in crows, and the Netherlands confirmed that a recent H5 outbreak in poultry involved the new H5N6 reassorant, according to separate reports from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
In Saudi Arabia, officials reported seven more H5N8 outbreaks on farms with start dates from Jan 6 to Feb 16, all in Riyadh province and most of them near the city of Al Kharj. Taken together the virus killed 37,700 of 497,810 susceptible birds, and the remaining ones were destroyed to curb the spread of the virus.
Meanwhile, South Africa reported another H5N8 outbreak in backyard poultry, which began on Feb 11 in Limpopo province in the north of the country, killing 8 of 130 birds. The rest were slated for culling. South Africa also reported more H5N8 detections in seabirds found sick or dead between Feb 2 and Feb 15 in Western Cape province. Of 35 birds, four were jackass penguins, one was a swift tern, and 30 were Cape gannets, a large type of seabird.
Mar 1 OIE report on H5N8 in Saudi Arabia
Mar 1 OIE report on H5N8 in South African poultry
Mar 1 OIE report on H5N8 in South African seabirds
In developments involving other strains, tests in India detected H5N1 in house crows found dead in the city of Paradeep in Orissa state in the eastern part of the country. The event began on Feb 11 and led to the deaths of 173 crows. So far the source of the virus isn't known.
Meanwhile, an H5 outbreak at a poultry near the city of Oldekerk, announced by Dutch agriculture officials earlier this week, has been confirmed as reassorant H5N6, according to a report from the OIE. The virus killed 230 of 27,866 susceptible birds, and the survivors were culled to control the spread of the virus. In a separate report, officials reported H5N6 in a wild duck found dead in North Holland province.
Mar 1 OIE report on H5N1 in India
Feb 27 OIE report on H5N6 in Dutch poultry
Feb 27 OIE report on H5N6 in Dutch waterfowl
Report: Core public health funding cut by one-third since 2002
A new report from Trust for America's Health (TFAH), a nonprofit health advocacy group based in Washington, DC, shows that state public health spending has drastically dwindled in the United States since 2002, and has been "flat" for the last decade.
"A healthy United States is a strong United States. A prepared nation is a safe nation. But persistent underfunding of the country's public health system has left the nation vulnerable," said John Auerbach, president and chief executive officer of TFAH.
In 2002, the federal Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) Cooperative Agreement Program budget, which allows states to prepare for and respond to emergencies, was $940 million. Last year, the budget was $667 million.
The analysis, which adjusted for inflation, found that state public health spending in 2016 to 2017 was lower than in 2008 to 2009, meaning funding cuts that occurred after the Great Recession have not yet been retired or resumed. Since 2008, local health departments have lost 55,590 staff due to layoffs.
Moreover, shrinking state budgets and staff can't compensate for federal cuts to public health funds, TFAH said. TFAH said since 2002, only 19 states and Washington, DC maintained or increased their budgets.
TFAH's analysis includes eight recommendations, the first of which is to increase public health spending at the local and federal level.
Mar 1 TFAH press release
Mar 1 TFAH report
New bipartisan caucus to focus on biosecurity
Earlier this week, Congress celebrated the launch of a new biodefense caucus, a bipartisan group of 27 members who will work together to protect the country from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats and pandemic outbreaks.
The caucus is an informal group chaired by Rep. Susan Brooks (R-Ind.) and Rep. Anna G. Eshoo (D-Calif.), which plans to have regular briefings.
"This is an issue that too many of us take for granted," Brooks said in a statement. "There is an assumption that we have stockpiles of vaccines readily available to combat the next Anthrax attack."
The Alliance for Biosecurity today applauded this development, stating the caucus will be able to "identify and fill gaps in preparedness and response capabilities."
Mar 1 Alliance for Biosecurity press release